Fluid intelligence
Fluid intelligence (Gf) is the capacity to solve novel problems and detect patterns without relying on stored knowledge.
Reviewed by: Scientific Review Team · Last reviewed: July 2026
Fluid intelligence (Gf) reflects on-the-spot reasoning — matrix puzzles, novel analogies, and abstract pattern completion. It tends to peak in early adulthood and is a core target of Raven-style matrix tests and many culture-reduced batteries.
Synonyms: Gf, fluid reasoning
Related terms
Used in
Related concepts
- expert · introduced
Raymond B. Cattell - entity · measures
Raven's Progressive Matrices - entity · measures
Cattell Culture Fair III - reference · defines
Theory of Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence (1963) - reference · defines
Refinement of Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence (1966) - term · related to
g factor
Related media
Intelligence and IQ (Crash Course Psychology #23)
Introductory overview of intelligence testing concepts for glossary readers.
Source: Crash Course / PBS Digital Studios
Official YouTube embed per platform terms; © rights holder.
FAQ
How is fluid intelligence measured?
Common measures include progressive matrices, figural analogies, and novel problem-solving tasks with minimal verbal load.
Does fluid intelligence decline with age?
Cross-sectional research shows gradual decline in Gf after early adulthood, while crystallized knowledge can remain stable or grow.
Scientific sources
- Cattell, R. B. (1963). Theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence.
- Raven, J. C. (2000). The Raven's Progressive Matrices.